Cause and Effects of Eating Disorders free essay sample

Dopamine in a synthetic that is found in the mind and it is associated with weight and taking care of practices. Recuperating anorexics show an expansion in dopamine levels. Likewise in recuperating anorexics, there has been an anomalous measure of Serotonin levels. Dopamine and Serotonin are intently attached to hunger, temperament, and motivation control which are completely modified when a dietary issue is available (Brain 1). Another natural factor is heredity. Studies have been done to appear if dietary problems are brought about by qualities. Stephanie Zerwas and Cynthis Bulik directed an investigation on a couple of Caucasian, female twins to check whether their family ancestry affected them. The twins had practically indistinguishable qualities so in the event that a dietary problem influenced one, at that point it should influence the other is heredity affected the reason for dietary issues. They discovered that there is a significant measure of genetic effect on them. Another investigation presumed that half of dietary issues are activated by a person’s qualities (Are 1). We will compose a custom exposition test on Cause and Effects of Eating Disorders or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Online networking is an enormous effect on what individuals believe is â€Å"beautiful. † Small, minuscule, stick-thin young ladies are what media is causing individuals to accept to be what they ought to resemble. Adolescents and little youngsters are watching famous actors, artists, and models depict the picture of a â€Å"Ideal† self-perception to be little. Thing, for example, Facebook and Pinterest increment people groups unsure levels to the point of a dietary problem. Online life has become quickly through the span of the most recent ten years, it despite everything keeps on becoming greater. It has started to arrive at kids as youthful as 5 years of age. In the event that a youthful multi year old young lady grows up observing only stick-thin â€Å"role models,† then what will she consider when she is 15 years of age and isn’t as thin as these good examples. She won’t perceive that having bends isn’t a terrible thing and not every person can be little since that is all that she has grown up with. There are numerous reasons for dietary problems. Organic components and web based life are only a couple of instances of how an individual can build up a dietary issue. There are numerous approaches to forestall dietary issues yet on the off chance that you don't dispose of the causes, at that point the impact will never leave. Works Cited Are Eating Disorders Heritable? Pyschology Today. Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Ph. D. , n. d. Web. 13 May 2013. Cerebrum Chemical May Be Key in Eating Disorders. WebMD. Salynn Boyles, n. d. Web. 13 May 2013. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders Inc. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 May 2013.

Don Quixote's madness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wear Quixote's franticness - Research Paper Example Fruitless in his first significant mission, he set out on a second experience with his hireling Sancho Panza whom he begged to go with him on the excursion as an assistant. As a proportion of remuneration, Don Quixote vowed to make Sancho the Governor of an Isle. Sancho, a rancher and a family man was picked as the assistant who will go with him all through his mission into guaranteeing grounds and parts for his self-glorification. The two of them rode on his pony over the urban communities of Spain in mission of magnificence and popularity. Moreover, there was a lady whom Don Quixote experienced passionate feelings for and at each point he is in trouble, he perceives her as a state of solidarity and post. On his subsequent strategic, experienced individuals that impact and shape his thought and aura about existence in any event, when such mien nullifies his conviction and the purpose behind his victory. He met a kid in the care of a malicious man and chose to leave him since he was guaranteed of his security. Sancho, being a faithful worker never for once left from him despite the fact that he got the brunt for Don Quixote’s sick judgment. ... He would not regard to the expressions of Sancho, reprimanding him not to intrude with his mission saying he isn't a knight and doesn't have the sense of confronting monsters at war (Ludlum 146). Since he never needed to notice to the counsel of Sancho, he progressed further at the plant with the brain of assaulting the mammoths he saw rather than the windmills, as he charged further, there was an overwhelming breeze that caused the sail in the windmill. At the point when he saw this, at that point he accepted the mammoths were attempting to utilize enchantment that duplicated their hands. On locating the various hands of his apparent mammoths, he looked for the help of his darling Dulcinea as a method of urging himself to battle his monsters (Cervantes 65). This was normal of Don Quixote all through the novel as he every now and again have his brain set on Dulcinea (Mancing 147), causing the entire story to appear as though he was on the mission to intrigue her as opposed to set him self as the best knight. He moved toward the windmill and propelled his blade, yet his blade and spear were squashed by the windmill and tumbled to the ground. Sancho saw the awful condition of his lord and he immediately hurried to support him, rather than Don Quixote surrendering to his slip-up, he was bowed on a foe conjurer transforming the mammoths into windmill. He was still affected by the narratives of significant knights he had found out about, his aspiration to outperform their accomplishments, and combined with his craving of encountering the relationships those knights had in the books he read. Along these lines, his journey for adoration got more grounded and he would forfeit himself for magnificence that appears to place him in a difficult situation. His tendency of doing things pushed him into difficulty with two priests he saw as adversaries catching a princess. He occupied with a battle with one of the priest and tossed him over

The Entitled White Man of The Tortilla Curtain Analyzing Delaneys Responses to Society - Literature Essay Samples

In the Tortilla Curtain by T.C. Boyle, we are introduced to two very different main characters,Cà ¡ndido Rincà ³n and Delaney Mossbacher. When the novel first begins, Delaney is described as a â€Å"liberal humanist† (Boyle 1) who supports immigrants despite the anti-immigrant mentality that surrounds him. In spite of the novel constantly depicting the negative aspects illegal immigration, specifically in 1990’s Los Angeles, there are times where Delaney stands up and even advocates for everyone’s right to migrate regardless of race or origin. However, as the novel unfolds, it sets up a confusing understanding of Delaney’s persona. His views and beliefs start to vary, he’s constantly jumping back and forth from racist to immigrant rights advocate and he becomes internally conflicted. At the end of the novel, the bigotry and xenophobia seem to be the only explanation to Delaney’s transformation because they overcame the â€Å"liberal humani st† (Boyle 13) values that Delaney expressed at the beginning of the novel. The ugly belief that the United States should only belong only to people who look like him (white) becomes transparent and even leads him to make terrible decisions. Delaney’s internal suffering and eventual transformation embodies the idea that the Tortilla Curtain criticizes an ideology of white entitlement that is deeply rooted in American society and is protected behind racialization and racism. While the novel is not necessarily trying to excuse Delaney’s behavior, it is evident to see that his actions are driven by the society he inhabits which is what leads him to ultimately perceive himself as a victim of his surroundings. It’s quite ironic that Delaney finds himself feeling like a victim when he lives of life many dreams to have. He lives in â€Å"the subdivision known as Arroyo Blanco Estates. It was a private community, comprising a golf course, ten tennis courts, a community center and some two hundred and fifty homes, each set on one-point-five acres† (Boyle 30). The description of Delaney’s neighborhood is used to demonstrate how luxurious his life is and to exaggerate the comfort that he lives in. Delaney’s days consist of taking care of Kyra, his second wife, and her son Jordan because his wife was â€Å"chief breadwinner† (35) and he was essentially the one who took care of things at home. While this setup might lead the reader to believe Delaney might not particularly enjoy this lifestyle, he was content with the life he had â€Å"so long as he got his four hours day at the keyboard† describing the aspects of nature many don’t have the time to examine. Analyzing and writing about nature were Delaney’s outlet to whatever miniscule problems he has because he doesn’t really have to worry about whether or not they will have food for tomorrow’s dinner. There is no worry that derives from the access to healthcare or basic necessities. The privilege that Delaney has builds comfort and stability, a luxury that numerous people don’t have. This was the case of the immigrant that Delaney accidentally hits with car, Cà ¡ndido Rincà ³n. The constant juxtaposition between the two characters allows us to see how privileged Delaney life is. Cà ¡ndido Rincà ³n lives on the side of the road towards the bottom, where the trees and small river allows him and his pregnant wife, America, to camp in hiding. Cà ¡ndido is portrayed as one of many immigrants who have no choice but to come illegally to the United States in search for work with the hope of building a better life. Unfortunately, the encounter between him and Delaney’s car leaves him injured which forces his pregnant wife to be the one to search for work in order for them to survive. The couple don’t have the option of eating the same pretentious diet that Kyra enforces upon her son because they don’t know if they’ll even have food for dinner that night let alone the following day. Medical services aren’t even in the realm of possibilities for them. The novel consistently puts these two families side to side to demonstrate how e asy the Mossbachers must have it. Boyle states, â€Å"on this particular morning, the morning that Cà ¡ndido Rincà ³n began to feel he’d lost control of his wife, Delaney was up at seven, as usual, to drip Kyra’s coffee, feed Jordan his fruit, granola and hi fiber bar† (30). This quote does a great job at capturing the fact that although these two characters are experiencing the same moment in time, they are experienced completely different due to the fact that they live very distinct lives. Delaney is playing housewife while Cà ¡ndido is trying to get a hold of his life. The novel puts their struggles side by side to see that they don’t compare. Yet, Delaney always seems to be the victim in his mind. The incident between Delaney’s car and Cà ¡ndido’s body is what sparks Delaney’s internal conflict. After hitting Cà ¡ndido and sending him off with a mere $20, Delaney began to reexamine the situation he was just put in. At the beginning, he apologizes and even offers Cà ¡ndido a doctor. But when he leaves, Delaney’s mind begins to wonder what the man was doing out in the street like that when it hits him that â€Å"he was camping down there, that’s what he was doing. Camping. Living. Dwelling. Making the trees and bushes and the natural habitat of Topanga State Park into his own private domicile, crapping in the chaparral, dumping his trash behind rocks, polluting the stream and ruining it for everyone else† (11). It’s interesting the emphasis that certain words in this part of the text carry. Delaney believes Cà ¡ndido is â€Å"dwelling† and has made this specific area â€Å"private† when to Cà ¡ndido and his wife , it is nothing but a relatively safe place to stay as they attempt to improve the stability of their lives. They don’t have the luxury of living in a community such as Delaney’s and Kyra’s and they constantly have to be aware of the danger of la migraor other immigrants harassing them. However, this encounter amplifies Delaneys thoughts of perceiving himself as a victim. After realizing Cà ¡ndido must have been camping down in Topanga Park, â€Å"Delaney felt his guilt turn into outrage† (11) and perhaps it could be because the immigrants who camp in such habitats ruin it. But the shift in attitude seems to derive from the feeling of entitlement that Delaney and his community members to that certain piece of land and the rest of the United States. After all, it was hisancestors that colonized and claimed a right over America. Those feelings of entitlement have passed through generations of many American families that consequently have produced an ideology of white supremacy still very deeply rooted in today’s time. This ideology has produced bigots and racists who reinforce this American ideology that justify their beliefs and actions through victimization, mostly white. This is the mentality that surrounds Delaney and it manages to take over his min d and overcome those â€Å"liberalist humanist† views he seems to constantly be at war with. While this was the first example of Delaney’s internal conflict of morals, it doesn’t take over him yet. The encounter definitely allows the novel to unfold the contrast between Delaney’s occasional racist thoughts to his actions. The wall proposition around his neighborhood leads him to argue with his wife Kyra, but more importantly it allows the novel to showcase how bad Delaney’s community stinks of xenophobia. He tells Kyra, â€Å"’This isn’t about the coyotes, don’t kid yourself. It’s about Mexicans, it’s about blacks. It’s about exclusion, division, hate. You think Jack gives a damn about coyotes?’† (Boyle 220) While Jack, Kyra and the rest of the community claim that they need the wall for protection from crime and coyotes, Delaney knows this is just an excuse to hide their racism against people who don’t look like them. They want to â€Å"protect† a community that is already private to them, an area that is already secluded and inaccessible to most. Delaney knew a wall would only add onto to the exclusivity his community has, a community â€Å"where children grew into bigots† (Boyle 225). However, as the novel unravels, so does Delaney’s transformation into full-blown bigot. The occasion where Delaney witnesses an immigrant crossing the Cherrystones’ lawn showcases his ugly transformation that overcomes the morals he began with. Delaney question what this person was doing in his private domicile and he threatens to call the police when suddenly, â€Å"the Mexican’s expression had changed. The mocking grin was gone now, replaced by something harder, infinitely harder. He’s got a knife, Delaney thought, a gun and he went cold all over when the man reached into the satchel, so keyed up he was ready to spring at him, tackle him, fight to death†¦but then he was staring into a flat white sheet of Xerox paper crawling with print. ‘Flies,’ the man spat at him. ‘I deliver these flies’† (Boyle 229). It is evident to see the type of person Delaney has succumbed to at this point in the novel. His views that anyone should be allowed to enter this neighborhood have finally been disregarded by his actions and displays of xenophobia. He was quick to believe the man is carrying some kind of weapon in order to cause him harm because he wants to be seen as a victim. The novel never explicitly explains what Delaney’s feels a victim of, but it certainly alludes to the idea that he is a victim of a society who hides behind bigotry and xenophobia, an ideology that seems to be prominent in American culture. This ideology that the novel attempts to critic was also expressed in the movie Falling Down, which premiered around the same time that Boyle’s novel was published. The main character, William Foster, shares the same frustration towards illegal immigration in the Los Angeles county. In a way, the two characters parallel each other because they are attempting to restore America back to how they imagine it to be, before desegregation and immigration. In the movie however, Foster’s approach differs from Delaney. He explicitly goes out and marginalizes people who don’t look like him (immigrants, people of color etc.). The movie consistently portrays him as a victim of his surroundings, much like Delaney, but also a vigilante. While Delaney’s actions aren’t as explicit as William Foster’s, he perpetuates a similar mentality which proposes a concept of America is or should be like. At an early point on in the novel, Delaney’s thoughts state, â€Å"when he did make a major purchase he felt good about it, good about himself, the future of the country and the state of the world. That was the American way. Buy something. Feel good† (Boyle 149) illustrating the view that Delaney has toward the United States, the same view that leads both him and Foster to make terrible, ugly decisions. Both the movie and the book end with each character hiding behind a gun, with the sole purpose of harming those who have caused them trouble. Both works do a great job at depicting the white people victim narrative the United States finds comfort in. Boyles novel proposes a puzzling portrayal of Delaney’s character because it is never explicitly stated why Delaney turned ugly despite him having morals and humanist beliefs half the time. However, the text does insinuate that Delaney is a subject of an American society. A society in which people support an ideology that believes America should be restored to its days of segregation and discrimination toward non-whites. This ideology expresses not so subtle hints of white supremacy in a sense, and it is one that will always portray whites as the victim instead of calling out their xenophobia and prejudice. American society does not carry all the responsibility of Delaneys’ or Fosters’ actions because at the end of the day, each character knew their acts were displays of racism. The text states, â€Å"he felt like a victim† (Boyle 149) in regard to Delaney. Nevertheless, he knew was he was doing the entire time and he subjected himself to living in a commu nity filled with ugliness. While American society carries much of the blame, it does not justify the ugly transformation of Delaney.

Fraud Detection The Value Of Internal Control - 6023 Words

EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AUDITING FINAL PAPER FRAUD DETECTION: THE VALUE OF INTERNAL CONTROL by OLUIMI AKINDEINDE 2012 Abstract Fraud is present in all aspect of life. It is very common in business environment. Business organizations try to do their best to ensure that fraudulent practices do not put them out of business. Case study is used to establish the value of internal anti-fraud control and to point out that a small business can implement it with common sense and solid auditor’s advice. Introduction Occupational fraud poses a large threat to small businesses (ACFE, 2012). Research data suggests that the smallest organizations suffered disproportionately the largest median†¦show more content†¦Victim organizations that had implemented any of sixteen common anti-fraud controls experienced considerably lower losses and time-to-detection than organizations lacking these controls. Nearly half of victim organizations do not recover any losses that they suffer due to fraud. As of the time of the survey, forty-nine percent of victims had not recovered any of the perpetrator’s takings. The report further showed that seventy-seven percent of all frauds in the study were committed by individuals working in one of six departments: accounting, operations, sales, executive/upper management, customer service and purchasing. Most perpetrators of occupational fraud are first-time offenders with clean employment histories. Approximately 87% of the perpetrators had never been charged or convicted of a fraud-related offense, and 84% had never been punished or terminated by an employer for fraud-related conduct. In eighty-one percent of cases, the perpetrators displayed at least one behavioral red flag among behaviors that are often associated with fraudulent conduct—living beyond their means, financial difficulties, unusually close association with vendors or customers, and excessive control issues were the most common behavioral warning signs addressed in theShow MoreRelatedWeek 1 Acc5561135 Words   |  5 PagesInternal Accountant’s Report to Management ACC 556 This report will present the necessary information needed to understand and decide whether to perform a full financial status review before proceeding with the bid. The information covered will include: * The effect of occupational fraud and abuse on the company * U.S. governmental oversight of accounting fraud and abuse and its effect on the company Potential corruption schemes to be aware of in the company Recommendation of typesRead MoreFraud, Corruption, Theft, Misappropriation, And Fraud1738 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no specific definition for fraud if looked at from different perspectives. The term fraud is used to describe acts such as deception, corruption, theft, misappropriation, false presentation, bribery, fault partnership, forgery etc. Some may even describe fraud as practical process of deception to gain an advantage, or to cause loss to another entity or individual. While some people might not even anticipate to commit fraud, others might do so if they contemplate they have a way to be covertRead MoreInvestigating The Failure Of Fraud Detection982 Words   |  4 Pagescrimes that can last for months or even years before detection. It has been identified that there are three factors that often combine to lead individuals to commit fraud: pressure or an incentive to engage in fraud, a perceived opportunity and the ability to rationalize fraudulent behavior. Because f raudulent activities are usually well planned and intentionally covered up, it is difficult for the auditor to detect these incidents. Although fraud does not happen as often as misuse and error, whenRead MoreDonald R. Cressey s Theory Of The Occupational Offender1163 Words   |  5 Pagespoint, they started embezzling from their employer (Wells, 2013, p. 13). Cressey’s hypothesis was that embezzlers or â€Å"trust violators† had three common characteristics (Wells, 2013, p. 13). These three characteristics would later become known as the â€Å"fraud triangle† (Wells, 2013, p. 13). Frist, the trust violator had to have a â€Å"non-shareable financial problem† (Wells, 2013, p. 13). A non-sharable financial problem was a problem that the embezzler, for whatever reason, wouldn’t share with someone elseRead MoreThe Data Analysis, Finding, Discussion2671 Words   |  11 Pagescompared with the systems of internal controls prescribed by the management of the organization using related literature as basis of data analysis and discussion of the relevant findings. ANALYSIS OF DATA RECEIVED IN RESPECT OF THE STUDY FINDING AND DATA ANALYSIS The first researcher which involved impact of internal control measures on preventing and detecting fraud: PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION OF STAFF Objectives one: Verify how competent staff in charge of internal control are: In table 4.6, 25%Read MoreThe Responsibility of the External Auditor and the Management of the Entity Being Audited with Relation Fraud and Error.1575 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment number :01 Course code: HONOUDK Student number: 36894206 The responsibility of the external auditor and the management of the entity being audited with relation fraud and error. 1.Introduction Fraud is defined as something that is intended to deceive people and error is defined as something unintentionally done wrong, e.g. as a result of poor judgment or lack of care by Encarta English Dictionary. After the collapse of great companies like Enron, and World com to mention a few, itRead MoreUnderstanding Financial Statement Fraud And Financial Statements1730 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Financial Statement Fraud Anna Gallagher American Public Universityâ€Æ' Understanding Financial Statement Fraud Financial statement fraud is any intentional or grossly negligent violation of generally accounting principles (GAAP) that is undisclosed and materially effects any financial statement. Fraud can take many forms, including hiding both bad and god news. Research shows that financial statement fraud us relatively more likely to occur in companies with assets of less than $100 millionRead MoreInternal Audit Function and Fraud Detection in Government Agencies. Acase Study of Naads Kumi7549 Words   |  31 PagesPerela, (2009), Internal auditing function with other intervention mechanisms like financial reporting and external audit to helps maintain cost-efficient contracting between owners and managers. It is designed by government agencies to add value and improve organizational performance. It helps organizations accomplish their objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approaches to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes.â €  Internal audit helpsRead MoreFinancial Statement Fraud And Corporate Financial Fraud1310 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Statement Fraud Background Financial statement fraud is one of the biggest types of fraud in today’s business world. The complexity and mechanism of financial statement fraud brought the attention of auditors and regulators. Financial scandals of Enron, WorldCom, Xerox, Tyco, Parmalat, Qwest, and Satam Computers increased the auditors’ responsibility in detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions. Corporate financial fraud had negative consequences for the market capitalization dueRead MoreFraud Management : An Architectural Insight1144 Words   |  5 PagesFraud Management - An Architectural Insight Introduction Fraud is like Love. Many believe they are immune to it. Yet they make themselves available, to fall into. Successful fraud gives a new high for the fraudsters and sleepless nights for the organizations running after securing the wealth. This rush to secure the Holy Grail from reaching the fraudsters also causes a high for a broader section of the ethical technical audience who strive to ring fence their organizations. It is quite a feat to

Physical And Non Physical Violence - 1695 Words

This article represents a research done on a quantitative review on the physical and non-physical violence, bullying and sexual harassment that nurses in various hospitals experience. The purpose of the research was to estimate exposure rates by type of violence, setting, source and world region. In the modern world, visiting medical centers is one of the norms and hence the involved parties cross paths occasionally. Since the nurses take care of the patients more, they tend to face both physical and non-physical violence, bullying and sexual harassments as they try to cope with the environment that is flooded with new individuals every other day. The characters of these individuals vary and so is the way the nurses try to relate with each of these individuals. The nurses may face these challenges from either the patients themselves or the relatives of these patients. Both the physical and non-physical aspects being researched on cause various problems, especially physiological effects and hence need help and training on how to deal with such situations. Such research should therefore be done to help sensitize the society on the different challenges that nurses faces as well as their extremes. Literature review The research was done using various secondary sources in order to provide a reliable report on the quantitative review of the abuse that nurses undergo. Some of these sources were obtained from CINAHL, Medline and PsycInfo data bases. These databases are recent andShow MoreRelatedLateral Violence As A Non Physical Act1368 Words   |  6 PagesLateral violence is described as a non-physical act occurring between individuals and is intended to hurt another person emotionally. It may be a secretive or noticeable act of verbal or non-verbal hostility. The actions can extend exterior to the place of work and can be perpetrated individually or in cyberspace. Within the nursing community, lateral violence is described as aggression behaviors amongst nurses. The most common forms of lateral violence in the nursing practice include: underminingRead MoreIntimate Partner And Sexual Violence1555 Words   |  7 PagesIntimate Partner and Sexual Violence 2010 survey, will provide statistical inf ormation on victims who experienced one or more violent crimes from their husband, wife, boyfriend or girlfriend. These crimes arrange from stalking, rape, to physical and mental abuse. It will examine the impact of intimate partner violence on gender, race, and ethnicity. This report will give an overview of health consequences and the implications for prevention for Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence. Lastly, this summaryRead More Violence on Childrens Television Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesViolence on Childrens Television Are todays children being exposed to too much violence via television? I think so. From the teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, to the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, kids are always being exposed to the rock-em-sock-em heroes of T.V., or the brainless violence of Beavis and Butthead. When we live in a country where our children watch an average of three to four hours of television daily {quote}, That is a large number of punches, kicks, and many other violent actsRead MoreIn America, Family Violence Such As Child Abuse And Spousal1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, family violence such as child abuse and spousal abuse which is mostly against women has been known to be a silent crime. There has been a high percentage of cases against women and an estimated one half of all child abuse cases have been unreported (Pepler, 1989). In the late twentieth century, feminist groups began a campaign to accomplish a goal to eliminate family violence by changing people’s realization to conclude that no victim should leave a crime unsaid .in addition, twenty-eightRead MoreU.s Overseas Military Presence Activities844 Words   |  4 Pagesmilitary presence is that it consists of all the US military assets in overseas areas that are engaged in relatively routine, regular, non-combat activities or functions.1 By this definition, forces that are located overseas may or may not be engaging in presence activities. If they are engaging in combat (such as Operation Enduring Freedom), or are involved in a one-time non-combat action (such as an unscheduled carrier battle group deployment from the United States aimed at calming or stabilizing an emergingRead MoreTeen Dating Violence : Teenage Dating1655 Words   |  7 Pages Teen Dating Violence Dawn Brown, Verronica Flowers, Michelle Marcak, Lisa Sprouse Dr. Brinda Mckinney, Instructor Arkansas State University NRS 3333 Women s Health August 12, 2016 â€Æ' Teen Dating Violence In 2013, the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey reported that 21% of female and 10% of male high school students experienced some form of physical and/or sexual dating violence. It was also reported that youth who are victims of dating violence in high school are at greater risk of victimizationRead MoreSexual Violence And Sexual Abuse1153 Words   |  5 Pagestime to a significant other, being moody and stress, with physical signs of abuse are signs of being in an abusive relationship. Domestic abuse, battering, and spouse abuse are commonly used terms that reflect having complete and utter control and power. These types of abuse have formed a named to sum the types of abuse. Which is called, â€Å"Intimate partner violence (IPV) (also called domestic violence, battering, or spouse abuse) is violence commented by a current or former spouse, opposite-sex cohabitingRead MoreDomestic Violence : An Individual Crisis815 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is not merely an individu al crisis, but a social crisis. â€Å"Domestic violence is a burden on numerous sectors of the social system and quietly, yet dramatically, affects the development of a nation. Batterers cost nations fortunes in terms of law enforcement, health care, lost labor and general progress in development. These costs do not only affect the present generation; what begins as an assault by one person on another, reverberates through the family and the community into theRead MoreViolence Against Children Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesViolence against children is a phenomenon happening worldwide, in forms of physical, psychological violence. Children are deprived of care, basic social services, health care and education, child abuse, neglect, exploitation, forced to beg, trafficked. Children are still one of the social groups at risk, facing many problems that remain unresolved. Although the consequences may vary according to the type and severity of the violence, the short and long-term con sequences for children are very oftenRead MoreNon Violent Attempts At Preventing Domestic Abuse1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe conflict. This essay aims to analyze the plethora of non-violent attempts at preventing domestic abuse, the major stakeholders, the origin of the issue, as well as consider multiple perspectives on men and women’s roles in halting the issue The Nature and Extent of Family Violence The following are aspects important to consider on the topic of domestic abuse before addressing solutions: 1. According to the Findings of the Nation violence Against Women Survey, out of eight-thousand women surveyed

Key Components of Business Continuity Plan †MyAssignmenthelp - com

Question: Discuss about the Key Components of Business Continuity Plan. Answer: Introduction Management Information System is famous among business organizations and other computer users to implement organizational structure and dynamics of the enterprise, so that management of organization can be done in better ways. It is also necessary to enhance competitive advantage of organization. There are various essential concepts that are related to MIS such as data, information, knowledge, systems, connectivity, cardinality etc. Data: Data is considered as unprocessed fact and figures without any analysis or interpretation For Example: The price of crude oil is $80 per barrel. It is a raw form of information i.e. data. Information: After analyzing or interpreting data, information is generated. That is why information is known as interpreted form of data which is meaningful for users. For Example: The price of crude oil has hiked from $70 to $80 per barrel. It gives meaning to data and it will be considered as information to someone who tracks oil prices (Infogineering.net, 2017). Knowledge: It is considered as combination of information, experience and vision that will provide benefit to an individual or the organization. For Example: The increment of $10 per barrel of oil will increase petrol prices by 2p per liter. It is knowledge (SearchDataManagement, 2017). Following are some essential challenges of managing information system: In case of development of management information system, the main challenging factor is of added labor and project cost. The rapid development of software to meet dynamic market demands is also a big challenging factor of MIS. Quality control and lack of knowledge of technical needs is also a challenging factor of MIS. A set of detailed methods, routines and procedures is defined as system and it is created for implementing a specific activity or problem solving tool. If we talk about business system then it is a group of varied and interdependent applications and it also consists of other system resources that interact to complete specific business functions. The example of business system is an email system. The boundary of email system are security and privacy issues of email content that can be hacked by hackers. The environment of email system comes under category of groupware environments that are used to access and management of users email. Email system is made up with some essential components and these components enhance reliability and usability of email systems. User Agent or UA is main component of email system and it works as GUI interface for users. Another components of email system is Message Transfer Agent or MTA. These MTAs act as sorting offices that route all messages that are required to send to all in a group (www.tutorialspoint.com, 2017). Connectivity in ER-Diagram describes the relationship classification. It means a connectivity of relationship describes the mapping that is associated with occurrences in a relationship. The total values of connectivity can be one or many. The main types of connectivity in ER diagrams are One to One (1:1), One to Many (1:M), Many to One (M:1) and Many to Many (M:M). Connectivity shows in ER-Diagram as below (Management Information Systems, 2017): On another side cardinality states occurrences of entity both minimum and maximum that are associated with one occurrence of related entity. The limits of cardinality are resulting from the policies of organizations and external constraints. For Example: A university has a policy that each subject will be taught by only one teacher. But it is possible to have subjects that are not specified to any other teacher. The cardinality can be shown as follows (Coursehero.com, 2017): The deployment, development and promotion of tools is done by IT to support communication, collaboration, management of project and sharing of information. The example of tools that are used by IT to support communication and collaboration are email, websites, and document sharing and project management. By using these tools, it becomes easier to communicate with people who are remote locations. With email, text messages with file attachments can be sent and received from individuals, websites can be used for online chats, calling and sharing of information and for managing large and small projects. These communication ways collaborate individuals from different locations to discuss about a particular topic. Besides this, for remote business meetings, online learning and in video conferencing IT provide so much help. Various new tools and techniques for communication are developed by IT developers such as smart phones, computers and other devices for better communication and sharing information in secure and reliable way. Various new web-based systems are also developed that has mission to support of communication and collaboration (Its.sfsu.edu, 2017). Besides this technology, some other essential technologies are also developed such as virtual reality, multimedia, robotics and ubiquitous computing etc. to provide better business and personal communication and sharing of information. Mobile phones have become the first choice of people for communication and to send media files, images and text information (Guru99.com, 2017). Information technology architecture and Information vision is a shared understanding about how computer technology should be managed and used in business. Information technology architecture shows the way that must be used to deploy information resources to deliver information vision. On another side, the written appearance of desired future for use of information and management in the organization, is known as information vision. This is the main difference among information vision and IT architecture. Besides this, the creation of information vision starts with assumption that how in future competitive environment of business will change and how from this company can take advantage. If business vision is specified then it will be easier to write information vision. Further, if we are cleared with the use of information vision in future, then IS organization can design an architecture for information technology. This architecture will help to state that how the resources will be ava ilable to users. In this way, information technology and information vision are required by IT organizations to get appropriate knowledge about information technology. Information vision and information technology architecture provides the managerial, business and technical platform that is required to plan and executing IS operations in the firm (Www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk, 2017). An organization often have several database because there are many different applications that require a database with particular set of database objects which is commonly known as schema. It is easier to have many application projects or single application projects in a single database. If only one database will be used in organizations to store different projects then in case of any cyber-attack or other security issue whole data of projects that will be stored into one database will be lost (Ecomputernotes.com, 2017). But if different databases will be used to store multiple projects then affected database will not put impact on other databases and their content. Therefore, for better security achievement several databases are often used in organizations rather than single database for storing multiple projects. By data dictionaries no any actual data is contained from database, only bookkeeping information is contained into data dictionary that is required to manage database. The refore, in management of database, data dictionary plays an important role. Without a data dictionary it is difficult for a database management system to access data from database. Data dictionary software is only used by designers, users and administrators, not by the DBMS software. This term commonly known as passive data dictionary (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). Password is an important log credential that is commonly used by IT users to login into their systems, databases and in a website account. But it is no more secured to use passwords for security purpose, because now hackers have various tools to hack passwords. Password is simpler than other forms of security such as fingerprint ID machines, special key cards and retinal scanners (Symantec.com, 2017). These security tools are costlier than password and also secured. It has become a conventional way to maintain security of databases and another storage devices. Password is generally used with combination of username, email-address and account number. For hackers it has become common to hack this combination as compare to other available security tools and their key combinations. That is why passwords are considered as ineffective technique of authentication (Yourbusiness.azcentral.com, 2017). On other side, PIN is also considered ineffective, but it is safer than passwords. The reason of ineffectiveness of PIN is that it is a combination of numbers or words which is also easier to guess by hackers if it will not be kept secure by users. Mostly users use simple pin codes to remember such as date of birth etc. But it is possible by hackers to understand and access it. An effective business continuity plan is required to restore company operations, protection of reputation and to reduce the risk of serious financial loss. A business continuity plan works effectively with its components that are related to each other. The key components of business continuity plan are risks and impacts, response and resources, contacts and communications, duties and priorities and testing and maintenance. These components are related to each other in a way that every components information is used in next component for effective planning. For Example: if in business continuity plan risks and impacts of a business project or activity will be defined then this information can be used further to response or for decision making about resources of that project and activity. In this way, result of one component can be used in next component of business continuity plan. It is an effective way to perform business functions appropriately (Webopedia.com, 2017). PAPA stands for Privacy, Accuracy, Property and Accessibility. It is ethical model that categorizes information ethics about privacy, accuracy, property and accessibility. Here privacy is an ability of individuals for controlling information about themselves. Privacy is the right of every individual so that no unauthorized entity can access or disclose their information to others. Accuracy is related to maintenance of security of data. Accurate information is error-free, complete and also relevant for decision making that are based on this information. Here property is collection of personal data. Property always encounters issues of copyright. That is why property such as computer software and computer files are protected by copyright laws. At last accessibility is making data accessible to all its potential users (Slideplayer.com, 2017). Censorship is an effort to overcome the availability of media contents that are considered violent. Any kind of speech or information that is considered objectionable, harmful and sensitive, suppressed by censorship. The ethical issue of censorship are that it is controlled by media experts, but it should also comply with laws (Digitus-Biometrics, 2017). The main drivers of technological change are: Demographics such as change in population and worlds growing population. Science and Technology such as knowledge and innovation. Global economy i.e. trade and interdependent market. Governance and institutions such as political organization. Environment such as global ecology, social and environmental pressure and carrying capacity etc. Evident based threats such as infrastructure and civilization (Its.sfsu.edu, 2017). Rise in economic and quality of life ambitions in world of development. These are some essential drives that put influence over technological change. All technology development companies are aware about these drives and implement their changes accordingly. Every driver has its own importance and play an important role in technological change. Conclusion In this report, we have discussed various essential factors about MIS and all these factors contribute in enhancement of effectiveness of Management Information System. That is why, today in most of large and small business organizations MIS is highly preferred. References Infogineering.net. (2017). The Differences Between Data, Information and Knowledge :: Infogineering - Master Your Information. [online] Available at: https://www.infogineering.net/data-information-knowledge.htm [Accessed 16 May 2017]. SearchDataManagement. (2017). How to define data, information and knowledge. [online] Available at: https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/Defining-data-information-and-knowledge [Accessed 16 May 2017]. www.tutorialspoint.com. (2017). MIS Introduction. [online] Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_information_system/management_information_system.htm [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Management Information Systems. (2017). What is MIS?. [online] Available at: https://mis.eller.arizona.edu/what-is-mis [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Guru99.com. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.guru99.com/cloud-computing-for-beginners.html [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Its.sfsu.edu. (2017). Communication and collaboration | Information Technology Services. [online] Available at: https://its.sfsu.edu/content/communication-and-collaboration [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Coursehero.com. (2017). Connectivity and Cardinality Connectivity Describes the relationship. [online] Available at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/p68cboi/Connectivity-and-Cardinality-Connectivity-Describes-the-relationship/ [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Ecomputernotes.com. (2017). What is the Basic Construction of E-R Modeling?. [online] Available at: https://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/what-is-a-database/basic-construction-of-e-r-modeling [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk. (2017). Components of Email System. [online] Available at: https://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/jon/bt15/l12/sld007.htm [Accessed 16 May 2017]. BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). How has this term impacted your life?. [online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/system.html [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Yourbusiness.azcentral.com. (2017). The 10 Key Components of a Business Continuity Plan. [online] Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/10-key-components-business-continuity-plan-3433.html [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Symantec.com. (2017). The Simplest Security: A Guide To Better Password Practices | Symantec Connect. [online] Available at: https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/simplest-security-guide-better-password-practices [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Digitus-Biometrics. (2017). Say bye to passwords!. [online] Available at: https://www.digitus-biometrics.com/blog/say-bye-to-passwords/ [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Webopedia.com. (2017). What is Data Dictionary? Webopedia Definition. [online] Available at: https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/data_dictionary.html [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Slideplayer.com. (2017). Information Vision and Architecture - ppt download. [online] Available at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/5816667/ [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Its.sfsu.edu. (2017). Communication and collaboration | Information Technology Services. [online] Available at: https://its.sfsu.edu/content/communication-and-collaboration [Accessed 16 May 2017].

Legal issues and legal reasoning

Case Study Elaine has sued Jerry because Jerry fired her. Elaine was on the letter she had been given mentioned the great career opportunities at the company and stated that her annual salary would be $30,000. The employer is an employment at will employer. Elaine was given no reason for the termination. After the termination, Jerry hired a man named Kramer, who had less job experience and education than Elaine, for the position. Elaine has sued to get her job back.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Legal issues and legal reasoning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Legal Issues The legal problem in the case of Elaine vs. her employer Jerry is the promise given by the employer to offer her great employment. Bearing in mind the employer is an â€Å"At Will† employer, the question rises if he needs to explain terminating her employment. Other questions, which must be addressed include whether there was any ethic al issues or any type of discrimination that led to the termination of the plaintiff. To make a ruling on this case it needs to be clarified if the employer had the right to terminate the plaintiff’s employment without explanation and if there is sufficient evidence to justify claim of ethics violation or discrimination used against the petitioner. Plaintiff’s argument The petitioner has the â€Å"burden of proof† for demonstrating each count of accusation leveled against the employer. The petitioner claims to have been wrongfully fired and had been sexually discriminated. The petitioner argues that her letter of employment promised her a great career opportunity and her starting salary would be $30,000 annually, which had not been honored. Despite the fact that the employer is an â€Å"at will† employer and does not require drawing an employment contract, the job offer letter he issued the plaintiff in this case became the contract the moment the plainti ff accepted it. Elaine lays her claim on sex discrimination based on the fact that the employer hired a man named Kramer who also had less experience and his education was lower than hers was. She claims, based on the wrongful dismissal that she needs to be offered her employment back. Though the defendant is an â€Å"at will employer† which gives him the right to fire an employee legally for any reason, the plaintiff could claim that the offer she received from him was an â€Å"express contract† that governs the employment connection. This would imply in her instance existed an â€Å"implied-in-fact contract† at the time of hiring which was created between her and the employer. In the letter which she received on her employment stated; â€Å"Her annual salary would be $30, 000,† and she should expect â€Å"great career opportunities†. Here the word â€Å"annual† in relation to salary brings to light the fact that her work in the company was indefinite.Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, when the letter mentioned great career opportunities it would be logical to believe it meant the career was going to be for more than two years. The plaintiff could also enforce Title VII of the Civil Rights Act referred to as the fair Practices Act, which was made to purge job discrimination based on color, race, nationality, sex and religion. Defendant’s Arguments At- will employment is a policy in the United States law which describes employment relationship where the affected parties may opt out of the relationship without liability, if and only if there is no express contract for a given definite term leading the employment relationship. In addition, the employer should not be a member of a collective bargaining group. The defendant under this policy could argue the petitioners claims by stating clearly he does not have to explain terminating the employment since he is an â€Å"at will â€Å"employer. He could also argue that though Kramer, the new employee, claimed had little experience and his education was lower than the plaintiff’s was hired based on natural abilities and offered a better job. He could also argue that the sex discrimination charges were unsupported since he had hired her. My decision as the judge In the case brought before me, it is my findings that there was no defense offered by the defendant on the wrongful job termination brought by the plaintiff. The plaintiff in my findings has brought sufficient evidence to show her employment was wrongfully terminated, which clearly showed that it was created on the express employment contract. The petitioner’s employment letter promises to offer great career opportunities, which clearly suggest the employment was to be long-term and was to last for more than a single year. There are various constitutional and contr act exceptions that apply to employment drawn out of at will doctrine. The exceptions states that; if wrongfully discharged, an employee can take legal action against the employer for compensation. It is also clear that the plaintiff was sexually discriminated and this goes against Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which protect these rights. Based on the evidence brought, it is my ruling that the plaintiff should be reinstated and granted punitive damages for her wrongful dismissal from work. My Own Opinion In my opinion, there is fair and reasonable application of the At-will employment law. Exceptions on the employment at will help protect employees who may have been wrongfully dismissed. There are some ethical issues concerns about the application of this doctrine.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Legal issues and legal reasoning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of them is there should be a written expla nation on reason for dismissal because lack of this leaves the dismissed employee. If we assume an employee who was rightfully terminated but was offered no written explanation may find it hard to identify and rectify their mistakes. This to appoint, could affect the society creating increased unemployment, which will lead to many social ills. The written explanation would help the employee accept the termination and help improve his/her performance. It is also my opinion the Title VII of the Civil Right Act laws should be harshly enforced to avoid the numerous cases arising from wrongful termination and segregation. This should also try involving and protecting male workers, as it seems that sex discrimination only applies to women. This essay on Legal issues and legal reasoning was written and submitted by user Luciana Lambert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Blacks in the American West

Blacks in the American West Introduction The United States is one land that was discovered by explorers and settled on by almost every people of every color. The US’s population is largely composed of white people of Anglo Saxon origin, Black Americans and people of Hispanic origin.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Blacks in the American West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People of African origin popularly referred to as African Americans have the most painful history about their arrival and eventual settlement in the US. Brought in as slaves from Africa, they faced many hurdles in their fight for survival and recognition as normal human beings in the face of brutal slavery, poverty and segregation (Savage, 1977, p. 2). Slave labor was in demand and was widely utilized in the US. Large scale agricultural plantations like the corn, cotton and wheat belts required intensive human labor which was cheaply supplied by black people. Besides the agricultural southern states, labor was also requited in the industrial northern states which slaves supplied. There were also other household jobs and jobs in the military that African Americans did with little or no pay. African Americans have been the subject of stereotypes that seek to explain their lives, activities and way of thinking. They range from the colonial and slave mentalities to media bias. However, some of them are due to the conduct of black people themselves in their personal and public lives (Savage, 1977, p. 7). In the west of the US, the situation is not very different. Black people carry the same negative stereotypes and positive accolades that characterize African Americans. After the antislavery activism increased, black people migrated with ease and settled in all places in the US. However some areas like Washington D.C, New York and California recorded big migrant populations of black people. The west of US where California largely dominates h as been the subject of many books detailing the history and development of the area. However, most of the literature existing on the American West overlooks the contribution of the black community to the development of these areas. Their history, as well as their migration and their leadership are overlooked too (Savage, 1977, p. 1). The current study of the west by most scholars has largely excluded slave states. In the slave states, black contribution was more felt than the non slave states hence any analysis of the African Americans in the west must include them. Migration to the west African Americans and their migration to the West make up an important part of history of the making of the Old West. Most of the documented history is now resurfacing indicating the role African Americans played in the making of the West as it is known today (Savage, 1977, p. 5). Their participation in the Westward movement shows a determined people who wanted to move away form the hostile conditio ns that they were experiencing and also, a people seeking peaceful existence for their families.Advertising Looking for research paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though African Americans migrated to the larger western US area, their numbers were not as many as they were on eastern side. Absence of staple crops and great distance from the center of black populations in the US discouraged a good number of Americans from making the journey westward. States that lie to the West in the US include Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas and Missouri where black labor had contributed to considerable development and progress. These states make up part of the cotton kingdom where black presence was prominent. They are part of the seventeen states that formed the Old West which was as a result of the Manifest Destiny (Savage, 1977, p. 2). The US government at the time was urging people to take up land and own home s in the new western states and African Americans saw it as a perfect chance to escape the harsh racist conditions they were subjected to in the South. Black historians have therefore explored it intensively to shed light how it happened and the aftermath. According to Savage, any analysis of the west must include Texas whose black population contributed immensely to the cattle industry. It also includes Wisconsin and Minnesota who reported black populations from as early as 1840. Migration to the west started after the year 1830 and the earliest census reports indicating black population in the West date from 1840. According to Savage many blacks moved to the West because of the Solace it accorded them. This is because some states had laws barring the introduction of slaves and the growing anti-slavery movements. After the civil war, reconstruction began and during the time the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments took place which guaranteed African Americans freedom from slavery, right to citizenship and the right to vote. Southern states could not do without slave labor which led to bad treatment of freed black people (Savage, 1977, p. 2). The harsh conditions in the south greatly contributed to the westward migration of African Americans. Researchers however are quick to point that the movement of black people to the West was by and large influenced by the westward movement in America. States with large populations happened to have big black populations indicating common factors in attracting migrant populations. Blacks also moved to the west looking for political, social and economic emancipation. Acquisition of land and starting businesses was easy for blacks in the period succeeding 1900 hence the surge in their population in the west the 20th century.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Blacks in the American West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people in America including blacks moved to the west excited by its newness and eager to acquire land and improve their economic conditions. African Americans moved too both as slaves and freed slave laborers. The blacks proved their worth as cattlemen and protectors of their masters from hostile native tribes. They farmed the land and produced enough food for themselves and their masters. Blacks could easily keep at bay hostile native Indians as they moved westward earning many of them freedom from their masters. Because owning property was a little easier, many black people acquired large land properties in the West especially in the city of Oklahoma (Sylvester, 2001). In the West many of the now emancipated blacks would work as cattle drivers, miners, cooks, soldiers and fur traders. They would also work as unskilled laborers and service workers. Black women too worked as domestic servants, farm workers, seamstress school teachers, operators and nurses. Creativity ensured black people survived in the West. They h ad to use their skills to make furniture and feed their families. They also had to make their own houses. Close-knit black communities developed through sizable numbers of black people gathering to form their own general store, church, a mill factory a bank and a hotel. By 1920 the small communities had settled in over 50 towns where more political organization was born. One such town is Langston Oklahoma. In such towns blacks could easily vote, develop business and easily live in peace. Prominent people in the West The old west brought out all kinds of people who inspired and represented the black agenda in their territories (Sylvester, 2001). Many black people did daring acts that endeared them to their masters and the general population which somehow helped in fostering the belief that all people are equal. Bass Reeves Among the many prominent people was Bass Reeves. He was a US marshal assigned to the expansive Old West where he was to maintain law and order in an area infested by all kinds of outlaws. Though he was born a slave, he learnt to use arms in an early age and that came in handy when executing his duties as a US marshal.Advertising Looking for research paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reeves, was apparently so good at his job that he was never wounded in his thirty year career. The position required tenacity and good skills all of which he demonstrated and in some instances did better than his masters. Though he wasn’t much of a leader, his exploits inspired and encouraged many blacks to hang on to their course in striving for better treatment. There were also women in the old West whose contribution to the wellbeing of the black community stands out. Mary Ellen Pleasant She was a free woman of color whose work in championing freedom of slaves is still revered. She presented numerous cases in Californian courts which she won and managed to gain compensation for numerous black people. She was also instrumental in helping many runaways escape from bondage (Sylvester, 2001). Her work to rescue slaves was widely acknowledged and often received unwavering support from both white and black populations. Henry Ossian Flipper He is one of the most celebrated blacks in the US military. Ossian Flipper was the first black commissioned officer in the regular US army and was the first black man to graduate from WestPoint College (Lutz Tong, 2002, p. 83). His immigration to the West and the connections that he had through his father, a successful businessman in the post war era helped him make history as the first black man from the west to achieve the above in the military. After he was dismissed from the military in the 1880’s, he pursued engineering and later became an editor for one of the leading white owned newspaper in the US. Discussion Black people in the west went through a lot in the course of the westward migration that changed their view of the world and also changed them forever. The characters that they exhibit today are as a result of the adaptations they had to make to survive in the then harsh environment. The artistic nature that they exhibit was born out of the creativity that they needed when they were deprived of any m eans of survival. Similarly, the lowly education status does not necessarily mean black people of the West or the entire US for that matter are generally lowly uneducated. Some of the injustices they had to go through included denial by authorities of the same level of education that white people had. However, the segregation and discrimination that existed at the time is not entirely to blame for the current condition of blacks in the west and US as a whole (Junne, 2000, p. 478). Many of them did carry for a long time (others still do) the mentality that the discrimination they underwent is to blame for their problems. To a considerable level however, black people squandered the chance to progress in the same speed as other minority groups in the US after the constitutional amendments. Conclusion The west by and large represent the situation of black people in the United States. While there may be a misrepresentation of facts about their situation, the old west can be summed as a c rucially unjust environment with limited positives but a place where sheer determination and survival spirit thrived. References Junne, H.G. (2000). Blacks in the American West and beyondAmerica, Canada, and Mexico: A selectively Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Publishing. Lutz, A.R. Tong, B. (2002).The human tradition in the American West. NJ: Rowman Littlefield Sylvester, M. (2001). African Americans and the Old West. Web. Savage, S.W. (1977). Blacks in the West. Westport: Greenwood Publishing.

Affect of power relations on organizational change and development Essay

Affect of power relations on organizational change and development - Essay Example The consolidation exercises resorted to by the various organizations have made the companies leaner and flatter as management levels are being eliminated. Organizations are now trying to reduce bureaucracy and make the executives directly responsible and accountable for their tasks. Political as well as institutional systems play an important role in the power dynamics during any organizational change process. Some of these forces resist change due to changing dynamics while others stimulate them for the same reason (cited in Boonstra and Gravenhorst 1998). During any change process, CEO and the management along with consultants etc try to use their power to influence the process of change. At times this use of power to influence others can cause resistance while at other times it can facilitate the change process as noted by Fable and Yukl (1992) Power dynamics can be displayed openly or invisibly by the agents involved. For example, Bachrach and Baratz (1962) say that management ca n exclude participation by keeping certain decision from being open to discussions during a change process. In open display of power dynamics, managers hold meeting and discussions where they try to convince and influence others through facts, expertise or experiences. Theories of power dynamics and change management Boonstra and Gravenhorst (1998) look at power dynamics under five different perspectives. They build on the various researches that have studied the bases of power and root their first perspective on these. They say that â€Å"change in organizations is demanded by the top management and they need their position and power in order to effect change† (Boonstra and Gravenhorst 1998). In the second perspective they say that personal power is also used and thought the starting point of change is power, logical arguments and facts to support change are presented. The next two perspectives are based on the research in organization theory and management. In the fourth pe rspective, they see the role of agencies in exerting power to control processes and the various â€Å"interest groups† use power to negotiate the direction in which the change process should go. So far, the use of power was prominently observable in the various perspectives. In the fifth perspective, this is more subtle. The change agents tend to instill values, norms and perceptions through â€Å"management of meaning† and emphasize on the usefulness aspects of the desired change. The fifth perspective is about using the models developed by the organizational learning and organizational schools. They say that these models use the power of discussions and employee participation to bring about the desired change. Earlier literature on power viewed it as the ability of the change agent to influence the subjects to accept that change within a particular reference context (French and Raven 1959). Boonstra and Gravenhorst (1998) say that Bass in 1960 described two sources o f power – personal and position. In the position power, a manager has received authority to act by virtue of his position in the organization. This is the dominating power of the management and any confrontations to proposals put forward by the management are considered as resistance and hence are intolerable as per Hardy and Clegg (1996) quoted by Boonstra and Gravenhorst (1998). Bouwen (1995) describe this authoritarian model of change as â€Å"

Corporate Risk Managemenet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Risk Managemenet - Assignment Example This paper seeks to provide an explanation on how to manage risk in a financial industry. Specifically, this paper provides an explanation on how to manage risks of a banking sector, and this is in regard to the taking of an insurance policy. In the banking sector, Risk management practices focuses on the operational risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, market risk and interest rate risk. This paper focuses mostly on the Credit risk of my hypothetical banking organization. The hypothetical name of my bank is the Bank of Venus. This is a bank, with a presence all over the country, and has more than 300 employees. This bank specializes in offering all manner of banking services, and this includes issuance of loans, safe keeping of precious commodities, money transfer and forex exchange. All these areas have their own risks. Credit risk refers to a situation where a borrower may fail to pay a debt, in which he or she is obligated to pay (Olson and Desheng, 51). The risks involved in th is situation include a loss on the interest, and the principal amount given as a loan. Occurrence of this risk also causes a disruption in the cash flow of the bank, and an increase the costs of collecting the debts owed to the bank. Effectively reducing the occurrence of these risks, results to the success of the banking institution. This is because the bank’s main source of income emanates from interests it charges on the loans issued (Mehta, 28). To achieve success therefore, the Bank of Venus took an insurance policy to safeguard and protect itself from negative experience in case there was the emergence of risks associated with issuance of credit. However, the insurance company seeks to increase the following year’s premium. This will increase the operational costs of the banking organization; as a result, there will be a reduction of profits. This paper therefore seeks to identify and explain alternative courses of risk management practices that the bank can init iate. This paper also seeks to explain the various thought processes and analysis that the bank should take for purposes of choosing the alternative course of action. Alternative Risk Management Course of Action in Managing Credit Risk: The first alternative method of managing credit risks is referred to as risk based pricing. This is a method in which the bank will charge a very high interest rate to individuals who are most likely to default. Under this method, the bank will look into the credit rating of the individual, the purpose of the loan, and the loan to value ratio (Hopkin, 31). Other factors that the bank will look at before issuing the loan and calculating interests are the employment status of the borrower, the amount of loan under consideration, and the levels of documentation involved during the process of applying for a loan (Hull, 22). Under this method of risk management, the bank will calculate the rate of interest by analyzing the time value of the money, and als o estimating the probability of the borrowing defaulting on the loan. However, this form of managing credit risk has come under a lot of criticisms. One of the major criticism of this strategy emanates from consumers who are of the view that initiating this type of policy in managing credit risk makes it difficult for shopper to locate affordable interest rates from lenders/ banking organizations (Tarantino and Deborah, 12). This is because it is difficult for sho

Rachel Carson in Environmental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rachel Carson in Environmental - Essay Example Aside from the environmental problems discussed by Carson, the author also revealed an underlying economic problem that gave rise to the need for pesticides – â€Å"overproduction†. To respond to the ever-increasing appetite of the U.S. population for crops, farmers have abandoned traditional methods of agriculture and adopted faster means of reaping thousands of tonnage of produce in a short amount of time. This economic greed for abundance resulted not just to acreages of land being attacked by pests, but to garbage bins being filled up by excess food dumped by insatiable, bloated citizens. Carson reminds us to take care of the environment and, at the same time, holds a mirror from which we could reflect on our unhealthy consumption practices. Another argument Carson raises to which this paper agrees is the lack of government participation in pesticide use where â€Å"abuses go unchecked in both state and federal agencies†. The government should devote financia l and manpower resources to test the toxicity of pesticides on the market, layout safety guidelines for their use, and, ideally, recommend safer methods of controlling pest infestations. In addition, current agricultural practices should be re-evaluated in order to come up with novel farming methods that are more aligned with the natural cycle of the environment. A strong political will that balances the laws of nature, the needs of the economy, and the interests of citizens is necessary to execute the changes needed in the government.

Essay --

Should we always act rationally? Rationality is the practice of acting by reason, yet reason is variable and individual specific. Reason means in accordance with the facts of reality while the alternative would be acting by impulse. This result is an undesired consequence and in result is irrational due to the action being based upon belief. Reason is man’s mean of survival, having the mindset of not making the right decisions challenges the ability to live. Additionally, a consequence of acting irrationally is that it weakens the ability to act rational in the future. Upon choosing to act irrationally, one is acknowledging a lack of trust within the mind; repeated actions or irrationality will result in a belief of one’s practice. Man’s basic vice is suspension of his consciousness or having an unfocused mind resulting in refusal to know. Also, commonly used terms include stating something is rather rational or quite rational implying that rationality is a matter of degree. Now, we sometimes assess the rationality of a given decision. Indeed, we very often do in the sense that if ...

Mesopotamia Case Essay

HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIAN RELIGION The name Mesopotamia, is a Greek name which means ‘the land between the rivers’, refers to the geographic region which lies near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and not to any particular civilization. The land of Mesopotamia is made fertile by the irregular and often violent flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. While these floods aided agricultural endeavors by adding rich silt to the soil every year, it took a tremendous amount of human labor to successfully irrigate the land and to protect the young plants from the surging flood waters. Given the combination of fertile soil and the need for organized human labor, perhaps it is not surprising that the first civilization developed in Mesopotamia. Sumerians were the first settlers in Sumeria. By c.3500 BCE, the Sumerians had developed many of the features that characterized subsequent civilizations. Cuneiform was a system of writing established by the Sumerians which became the dominant system of writing in Mesopotamia for over 2000 years. Mesopotamia is widely recognized as one of the regions in the Near East first experiencing the developmental transition to hydraulic and urban civilization, duly celebrated as a â€Å"cradle of civilization† and the eastern segment of the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamian religion is the religious beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, which were noted the first developed civilizations and religions; and later of their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians. (Lindemans, 2007). In general terms, it constitutes the greater part of what is now Iraq, eastern Syria, and south-eastern Turkey. The deities of Sumer were usually associated with aspects of nature, such as fertility of the fields and livestock. Among the most important of the many Mesopatamian gods were Anu, the god of heaven; Enki the god of water; and Enlil, the earth god. Deities were often associated with particular cities. Astral deities such as Shamash and Sin were also worshipped. The Mesopatamians are skilled astrologers who studied the movements of heavenly bodies. Priests also determined the will of the gods through the observation of omens, especially by reading the entrails of sacrificed animals. The king functioned as the chief priest, presiding at the new-year festival held in spring, when the kingship is renewed and the triumph of the deity over the powers of chaos was celebrated. In Mesopotamia, each city state had its own god who owned it, and although other gods were admitted, they were always subordinate to the city god. Everyone had to belong to a temple, whatever rank they had in society. If they belonged to the temple of Marduk, they considered themselves ‘the people of the God Marduk’. The god was the lord and the people served him as slaves or at least as servants. Part of everyone’s produce belonged to the god and had to be brought as a sacrifice. The land itself belonged to the god and had to be leased from him. God have never been any good at signing agreements so the contracts were signed on his behalf by the priests. The main festival in Mesopotamia was the New Year Festival held in spring or in autumn. Its significance was the renewal of the land through the sprouting of new buds or the end of the summer scorching. The Sumerian drama focused on Dumuzi or Tammuz, the creative power of Spring while the Goddess was Inanna, the fertility of nature. The drama went this way: the earth goddess conceived a handsome son who later became her lover and begat the next son – a ritual performed by the king and his consort or the head priest and priestess in a ritual coupling. The son died and everyone wailed but the new son was born and everyone rejoiced. In the tropics the vegetation died in the summer heat but in northern climates it died with the onset of frost, so the times were not necessarily the same. (Amytas, 2002) In an article of Sumerian Religion it was said that reincarnation is a concept suitable for Mesopotamians because it was so real and explicit that it was not worth reporting the striking obvious. The Mesopotamians, took painstaking notes of the coming of the sunrise and sunset every day, the return of the seasons, the planets and the stars, always revolving and returning to chartered points in the skies. Thus, they did believe that everything was cyclic, and probably considered life and death as such as well (cited in Adapa). MESOPOTAMIAN MYTHOLOGY The two following stories are one of the descent and ascent stories of Mesopotamian Religion (Amytas, 2002) Descents to the underworld are a constant theme in Mesopotamia and tell about the triumph of the spirit over desire, wrong doings or guilt. Descent stories always contain the warning that one should not venture to ‘the Land of No Return’, that the laws of ‘Great Below’ cannot be changed and it designs the foremost. Nevertheless, Inanna descended to meet Her other Self, the Great Judge and Queen of the Underworld, Ereshkigal, and She who is the Lover and Beloved resurfaced as the vision of triumphant humanity that transcends all deaths. Enlil descended after having raped Ninlil, who immediately took matters in her hands and went down after Him to conquer Her beloved back, achieving major growth along the process herself from maiden to Consort of Lord Air. Even Enlil, the most important of the young Anunnaki gods, had to undergo punishment for a terrible act in the most romantic and intense of all descent stories. However, Ninlil, as the Beloved and Hardest Judge Enlil could have ever had, flew after him for the rescue to bring him back to the Heights Above, to become Enlil’s partner in all levels. All of them faced awesome trials and returned back to the Heights after achieving much healing and growth. It is therefore clear that returns from the Underworld, despite all warnings against venturing over there, can be achieved, but only by the triumph of the spirit, by conquering one’s own weaknesses, by a necessary loss to achieve a major growth. In the myth of Adapa, Adap ascends to the Heavens to meet Anu so that he could justify himself in front of the Skyfather for having been disrespectful to the South Wind. Adapa is the proto-Solomon, the sage and the priest-king of Eridu. He refuses immortality to come back to the Middleworld instead of remaining with the Great Gods in the Great Above, as Anu had given him the opportunity to stay there by eating and drinking from the table of the gods. Adapa refuses the offering, because Enki, Adapa’s personal god, had warned him not to, if Adapa did not want to die. A possible experience for this passage is the following: in the end Adapa understood that he would have eventually eternal life after living a full life in the physical world, and not in the moment he had been offered the gift by Anu. He did not need eternal life when he was offered it by Anu, because he was needed on earth, he was the priest-king the foundation of the state which was being built in Eridu, the place where kingship descended from the heavens. Again, it is a Mesopatamian ascent story with a return, whose mystery show the cycle and the link between heaven and earth, the Great Above and the Great Below not as opposite worlds, but matching complements, in a never-ending cycle. PHOENICIAN LETTERS (Amytas, 2007) The Phoenician Letters is a piece of mystery teachings in a written form from a master to a devoted acolyte in the Mesopotamian tradition, a sort of retro-Caballa. It involves 10 letters, each involving a god/goddess (Rimon-Adad, Nabu, Ishtar, Nergal, Shamash, Marduk, Anu, Enlil, Ea-Enki, Sin-Nana) by the master to the acolyte exchanged during the period of two years. The letters cover the training of a future-priest king by a master kept unknown up to the last letter. The quotations on the chapter of Nergal on the next paragraph are about reincarnation, the Eternal Return. Notice that the piece of metal that is left from the burning of what should be burnt may refer to that part of matter in us that is primeval and without blemish, the seed of the Great Mother that they all carry within, represented by the metal attributions of Mesopotamians deities, or the imperishable in them, their Personal Gods. On Ishtar, â€Å"But Ishtar is all this and more. She is the reborn†¦Know, o Prince, that death is the source of life, life is the cause of death. Dumuzi her lover must die in order to live. She is the rhythm, and all rhythms have an end, this is death, all have a beginning (pages 34-35).   On Nergal: â€Å"There are many forms of heroism. There is that form that represents a magnificent stupidity, where the hero achieves nothing, saving neither his people nor his own life, but taking with him down into death as many of the enemy as possible. He will fight in the underworld that battle which he did not win, for it is sad that as a man dies, all that he has done is presented to him, to see if he regrets his actions or not. If he regrets and pines for the things that he failed to do or the errors he has made, then this is a weight he must carry into his next time of living (Lishtar’s emphasis). Herein is the tale of justice: the assessors of hell visit upon each man his crimes, and according as he loves them or hates them, he will be attracted to the same events, time without end, till the actions of his life be without blemish† (page 41). CREATION OF MAN (and WOMAN) SUMERIAN VERSION Enki, the Magician, and Ninhursag, the Earth Mother, create humankind from the fertile waters of the Abzu and a pinch of clay, breathing into the mix the spirit of a slain god. It is in the myth that the spirit of the slain god resonates in each and every being as a drumbeat, life force, to remind them of its sacrifice. According to Amytas, the myth was a wondrous metaphor that shows incarnation as a gift from Divine Consciousness bestowed upon all humankind, all that lives and breathes. The bond that was thus established between heaven and earth from the beginning of Sumerian religion, whereby from this moment on humankind is called upon to continue for the gods the workings of existence and faithful servants. This metaphor shows the truth all initiates have experiences from times immemorial. Spirit can only incarnate through love, the same way we can only ascend to the heights of religious and visionary experience by giving spiritual body to our soul’s design. Slain in this context may very well mean the necessary loss to achieve higher consciousness, the disrobing and vulnerability needed to enter both Great Above and the Depths Below enforced. Furthermore, the myth of the ‘Creation of Man and Woman’ can be interpreted according to the Sumerians as the never-ending miracle of spirit entering matter and for those of them who live their lives in the light of the Mesopotamian tradition. From the beginning of Sumerian Religion, from the creation of man and woman it is therefore present the everlasting bond between matter and spirit. As concluded by Amytas,† the part of us who belongs to the everlasting spirit will be then confronted by our life achievements and judged by the Annunaki of the Underworld. These deities will be the judges of our souls and decide when we are ready to return from the ‘Land of No Return’. It is for all these reasons that we suggest that the Eternal Return might have been a core understated principle of Mesopotamian religion.† THE BABYLON AND ITS PEOPLE Many scholars believe the first great historian, Herodotus, a Greek who traveled widely over the ancient world several centuries before the birth of Chris, visited the city of Babylon in its decline. He has left a description of the city but, because he could not speak Babylonian, his remarkable statements must come largely from the lips of the guides. The harvest was, Herodotus says, twice or thrice as bountiful as in other lands, the ears of wheat and barley growing to a phenomenal size. Rich groves of palm trees waved in the breeze all over the plain and so expert were the food growers that from the fruit of the palm they got bread, wine and honey. From their scattered villages they looked with pride toward Babel – the Greeks called it Babylon – or the gate of the God. They had no physician. Marriage, he says, was by purchase or auction sale. His most famous statement about the morals of ancient Babylon is to the effect that every woman had once in her life to prostitute herself in what Herodotus calls ‘the court of Venus’, meaning the court of the temple of the goddess Ishtar. There she was compelled to stand until some man threw her a coin, saying, â€Å"the goddess Mylitta prosper thee,† and taking her away to his couch. (Shirlie) On the contrary, in regard to its morals and its women he totally misunderstood his informants. There was no auction of wives in Babylon, and there was no such law as the prostitution of every woman at the temple of Ishtar. By that time, Ishtar was a patroness of virtue and the chief refuge of sinners. Women had in ancient Babylon a position of respect and prestige scarcely lower than they have won in modern times and the law of sexual purity was most drastically enforced upon both sexes. The Babylonian code of laws was compiled by King Hammurabi. This code was found carved on a black diorite column seven feet high in the ruins of Susa in 1901. A conqueror of Babylon about 1100 BC had stolen it and carried it off to the hills. On the upper part of it is a figure of Hammurabi in an attitude of worship before the sun-god, Shamash. The king says he made the code himself. Babylon, supposed to have been a sink of iniquity, in which chastity was unknown, an example followed the clauses of the next paragraph in the Hammurabi Code of four thousand years ago. MESOPOTAMIAN CONCEPTS OF DISEASE AND HEALING Mesopotamian diseases are often blamed on pre-existing spirits: gods, ghosts, etc. Each spirit corresponds or is responsible for a specific disease. For example, ‘Hand of God X’, of the stomach corresponds to what is called a disease of stomach. A number of diseases simply were identified by names, ‘bennu’ for example. Also it was recognized that various organs could simply malfunction causing illnesses. Mesopotamian uses plants as treatment for diseases although this cannot be relative for magical purposes. In addition, specific offerings are made to a particular god or ghost when it was considered to be a causative factor, but these offerings are not indicated in the medical texts, and must have been found in other texts. There two distinct types of professional medical practitioners in Mesopotamia, the ashipu known as the ‘sorcerer’ and the asu which may be referred to as the ‘physician’. The ashipu diagnoses the ailment. In the case of internal diseases, this most often meant that the ashipu determined which god or demon was causing the illness. The ashipu also attempted to determine if the disease was the result of some error or sin on the part of the patient. The phrase, â€Å"the Hand of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was used to indicate the divine entity responsible for the ailment in question, who could then be propitiated by the patient. The ashipu could also attempt to cure the patient by means of charms and spells that were designed to entice away or drive out the spirit causing the disease. On the other hand, asu is the specialist in herbal remedies and deals with were often classifiable as empirical applications of medication. For example, when treating wounds the asu relied on three fundamental techniques: washing, bandaging and making plasters on which appear in the world’s oldest known medical document (c. 2100 BCE). CONCLUSION Mesopotamian religion in accordance with my research clearly implies that it is the foundation of many religions since, Sargon, who founded the Babylon and created the first Mesopotamian empire, lived over two thousand years before Christ and even a thousand years before the presumed time of Moses of the Christian bible. One example would be the comparison in the story of Moses: one of the clay tablets covered with the cuneiform writing of the Babylonians and Assyrians refers to Sargon, the great king. His mother bore him in secret. After the birth she made a little ark or boat of reeds or rushes, coated it with pitch, which is natural there. She placed the baby in it and she set it afloat on the river, doubtless expecting it to die but hoping it might be saved. The child was destined to be a mighty leader and the gods took care of him. A water-carrier found the ark and reared the child, until the goddess Ishtar saw and fell in love with the youth, and made him king over the land. To sum it all up, learning man’s history always is a very interesting subject, it’s like being transported to a different world where oneself could be alienated. For me it would not matter because the most important thing is that you have respect to all men regardless of their religion. Bibliography Williams, Tyler. Ideas of Origins and Creation in Ancient Mesopatamia. 2007 Lindemans, M.F. Mesopotamian Mythology. 2007 Amytas, Voluptua. Sumerian Religion and the Eternal Return. 2002 Shirlie. God or Goddess? The Son Gods. 1999 http://www.oriental.cam.ac.uk/jmc http://www.archaeowiki.org/Mesopotamia

Mexico s Drug Cartel Violence Problem - 1861 Words

The United States role with Mexico’s drug cartel violence problem has been of ongoing help. The cartels are unabashed in trying to continue to run their drug smuggling operations. The Mexican people have had to endure a high number of homicides in their country. Some of these people killed were innocents who were at the wrong place at the wrong time. Many of the homicides were intentional as drug cartels often send messages to people warning others not to interfere in their businesses. Mexican law enforcement officials are killed by the cartel in hopes of serving a message to others that the cartels are to be feared. It might seem that the United States does not have a role in addressing drug cartel violence in Mexico but they are trying†¦show more content†¦La Familia has benefited from Mexico’s crackdown as the turf war with other cartels has made La Familia stronger. La Familia is based in the Mexican State of Michoacà ¡n. As can be seen, the cartels are ba ttling on two fronts. One is against rival cartels for control of important drug smuggling corridors which is a war of familiarity; the other is an unfamiliar war with the government. The cartels had been accustomed to pay law enforcement off with bribes which were probably in their operational budgets as the price of doing their lucrative business, but times have changed. Because of this new war with the government, the cartels such as the Beltran Leyva Organization have employed the Zetas. The Zetas cartel are the best trained and is the first criminal organization in the Americas to have been formed by former military personnel and defectors from the regular army. The Zeta cartel is dangerous to the Mexican Government because this cartel is fully trained to understand and have proficiency with these weapons, which makes the Zetas all the more dangerous. The aim of the cartels is to try and keep business as usual, which it to continue to smuggle drugs into the U.S. border. They do this because it is lucrative; however, the tactics have changed. In order for the status quo to continue, the cartels have to create fear in the Mexican people along with law enforcement and the military. Dailey battles take place where the cartels take on the Mexican military. An example